Polforsk Ph.d course: International Relations (IR)

Please, register here:
PLEASE NOTICE. That you are registrated, does not mean you are approved. When Polforsk arranges a course, you will usually be informed about approval within one week after the registration deadline.

Responsible: Senior Researcher Rens van Munster (DIIS) and Professor Lene Hansen (KU)

From: 2012/08/20 to: 2012/08/23
Registration Deadline: 2012/05/23
Place: Room 4.2.50, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, DK-1353 Copenhagen K.
Fee: 100 Euro.
ECTS (Get approval from your own department!!!): 4

Short description:

The thematic focus of the IR Track of the POLFORSK Summer School 2012 is on these recent interventions and the history of IR to which they speak. This focus opens up for discussions of what makes IR theories, how research should be conducted, and what factors drive a discipline like IR forward (or not).

Michael C. Williams is Professor in the Graduate School of Public and International Affairs at the University of Ottawa. His research interests are in International Relations theory, security studies, and political thought. His most recent book (with Rita Abrahamsen) is Security Beyond the State: Private Security in International Politics (Cambridge University Press, 2011). His previous publications include The Realist Tradition and the Limits of International Relations (Cambridge University Press, 2005) and Culture and Security: Symbolic Power and the Politics of International Security (Routledge, 2007) and he is the editor of several books, including most recently, Realism Reconsidered: The Legacy of Hans J. Morgenthau in International Relations (Oxford University Press, 2007). His articles have appeared in the most prestigious journals in the field of International Relations including the European Journal of International Relations, International Organization, International Studies Quarterly, Millennium, and the Review of International Studies. Prior to joining the University of Ottawa, he was Professor of International Politics in the Department of International Politics at Aberystwyth, and has been a visiting fellow at the Universities of Cape Town, Copenhagen, and the European University Institute in Florence.

Michael C. Williams is widely recognized as one of the leading theorists in International Relations and he will give two guest lecturesThe End of Theory in IR? (based on his contribution to a special issue of the European Journal of International Relations on the same theme) and;The Study of Classics in IR why IR Theorists Return to the Past. Michael C. Williams participates on Tuesday and Wednesday.

Lecturers: Senior Researcher Rens van Munster (DIIS) and Professor Lene Hansen (KU). Guest lecturer: Professor Michael C. Williams, University of Ottawa.

Further information: rmu@diis.dk

Thematic focus of the IR Track

The discipline of IR has historically conceived of itself as comprised by a specific set of approaches or theories engaged in “great debates”. The first debate is said to take place in the 1930s and 1940 as realists and idealists (or liberals) fought over how one should understand the international system and the conditions under which states might stop waging wars. This debate concerned, in other words, the political ontology of the state and the international. The second debate, from the 1950s to 1970s, was focussed on epistemology and methodology and the two main protagonists were behavioralism and “traditionalism”. In the 1970s, with the third debate, the focus (re)turned to the political dynamics that explain world politics. Conflicts expanded as the usual two combatant structure grew to three contestants: realism, liberalism/interdependence theory, and Marxism or globalization. The 1980s and 1990s witnessed another round of debate over how international politics should be studied. Robert O. Keohane coined the distinction between “rationalism” (incorporating neo-realism and neo-liberalism) and “reflectivism” (perspectives that broke with the scientific assumptions of rationalism) in 1988, and this distinction became the focal point for debate in the 1990s. Over the past 10 years, reflectivism has splintered into a plethora of non-rationalist perspectives, some of which, most prominently “thin” constructivism, have moved close(r) to the rationalist position. There is also, however, a widespread sense in the discipline that there are no longer any “grand debates” which tie competing positions together. Rather than debates, the last decennium has seen disciplinary ‘turns’, including a ‘constructivist’, ‘historical’, ‘practice’, ‘cultural’, ‘sociological’ and ‘aesthetic’ turn. Although some have celebrated this fragmentation, others have lamented the absence of a common reference point that holds the discipline together. As a response, a range of scholars, books, and prominent journals have asked why IR has become so fragmented, and ask how (if at all) “grand IR debate” might again be fostered.

The thematic focus of the IR Track of the POLFORSK Summer School 2012 is on these recent interventions and the history of IR to which they speak. This focus opens up for discussions of what makes IR theories “theories”, how research should be conducted, and what factors drive a discipline like IR forward (or not). The organizers, Rens van Munster and Lene Hansen, will give an opening lecture that lays out the main positions on the terrain of IR and sketches where current debates are at. The next lectures will provide more focussed presentations on more specific debates, interventions, and literatures. The guest lecturer, Prof. Michael C. Williams, University of Ottawa, will also speak to this theme. Papers presented by Ph.D. students – including Ph.D. proposals as well as drafts of journal articles – need not speak to the thematic focus, but can pick any empirical or theoretical subject relevant to IR. The papers presented will be discussed with a particular focus on research design, methodology and how to produce a manuscript ready for journal submission.

Course Program

Monday, August 20, 2012

9.00-10.30: Opening lecture and introductions, Rens van Munster and Lene Hansen

10.30-10.45: Coffee break

10.45-12.15: International Security Studies – the evolution of a subfield of IR, Lene Hansen

Security Studies is one of the two main subfields of IR and its evolution presents a fascinating story of how ontological, epistemological, and political debates have played themselves out. Based on her book, The Evolution of International Security Studies (co-authored with Barry Buzan), Lene Hansen will present the field’s main trajectories with a particular focus on whether there are distinct American and European traditions, on how what it means to be “critical” and “normative” changes from the field’s gestation in the 1940s and until today, and how on one might explain the way that Security Studies has evolved.

12.15-13.00: Lunch

13.00-15.00: Paper presentations

Elina Eloranta, Department of Political Science, University of Tampere, “Explaining Security Production”

  • comments: Christa Moesgaard, Danish Institute for International Studies

Martin Renner, Institut für Politikwissenschaft, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, “EU Security Policy Towards China – A Liberal-Relational Approach to Hard Security Issues”

  • comments: Zhang Jiuan, Aalborg University

15.00-15.15: Coffee Break

15.15-17.15: Paper Presentations

Nikolas Scherer, Institute for Social Sciences, Humboldt University, “The Social Sources of Securitization Processes”

  • comments: Åsne Kalland Aarstad, Aarhus University

Dagmar Zakopalova, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University in Prague, “Diffusion of Securitization at the International Level: The Dynamics of Transnational Security Issues”

  • comments: Sanne Brasch Kristensen, Roskilde University

18.30: Dinner – venue to be announced – please contact Nanna Friman at Nanna.friman@ifs.ku.dk if you do not wish to participate


Tuesday, August 21, 2012

9.00-10.30: The End of IR Theory? Guest lecture by Prof. Michael C. Williams, University of Ottawa

Michael C. Williams is Professor in the Graduate School of Public and International Affairs at the University of Ottawa. His research interests are in International Relations theory, security studies, and political thought. His most recent book (with Rita Abrahamsen) is Security Beyond the State: Private Security in International Politics (Cambridge University Press, 2011). His previous publications include The Realist Tradition and the Limits of International Relations (Cambridge University Press, 2005) and Culture and Security: Symbolic Power and the Politics of International Security (Routledge, 2007) and he is the editor of several books, including most recently, Realism Reconsidered: The Legacy of Hans J. Morgenthau in International Relations (Oxford University Press, 2007). His articles have appeared in the most prestigious journals in the field of International Relations including the European Journal of International Relations, International Organization, International Studies Quarterly, Millennium, and the Review of International Studies. Prior to joining the University of Ottawa, he was Professor of International Politics in the Department of International Politics at Aberystwyth, and has been a visiting fellow at the Universities of Cape Town, Copenhagen, and the European University Institute in Florence.

This lecture is based on Michael Williams’ contribution to a special issue of the European Journal of International Relations on the same theme.

10.30-10.45: Coffee Break

10.45-12.45: Paper Presentations

Peter Markus Kristensen, Department of Political Science, University of Copenhagen, “Mapping the Territory of the Not-So-International Discipline”

  • comments: Martin Renner, Universität Tübingen

Carina Meyn, Danish Institute for International Studies, “Man, Ethics, and Survival: Towards a Theory of Practice of Global Nuclear Disarmament”

  • comments: Elina Eloranta, University of Tampere

12.45-13.30: Lunch

13.30-15.00: One-Worldism – remaking IR-theory? Rens van Munster

Over the last decade, IR has witnessed the emergence of ambitious theoretical calls for one-worldism. Based on the idea that globality has become a defining material feature of humanity, this scholarship draws upon international theory, particularly classical realism, as well as classical political theory to address the problem of political order in a world characterized by the capacity for global destruction (nuclear war, environmental and technological omnicide). This lecture examines how the perspective of one-worldism reinterpret classical traditions with the aim of presenting nothing less than a new vision of world politics around which the discipline of IR can be forged.

15.00-15.15: Coffee Break

15.15-17.15: Paper Presentations

Lau Øfjord Blaxekjær, Department of Political Science, University of Copenhagen, “Green Growth: From Framing to Empty Signifier”

  • comments: Gjermund Haslerud, University of Agder

Andreas Bøje Forsby, Danish Institute for International Studies, “A Mainstream Constructivist Approach to Identity Structuralism”

  • comments: Nicholas Scherer, Humboldt University


Wednesday, August 22, 2012

9.00-10.30: Risk and international political sociology – outside IR, Rens van Munster

Over the last decade, IR theory has been challenged by a range of approaches who have found inspiration in other intellectual traditions such as sociology, history and philosophy. By focusing on one of the core concepts in IR theory – international security – this lecture traces how sociological theories on risk have challenged the ways in which IR theorizes and analyzes security. By focusing on the international political sociology of risk, this lecture asks what IR theory can learn from an engagement with sociology, and what possible limitations and challenges emerge in the encounter between these two disciplines.

10.30-10.45: Coffee Break

10.45-12.45: Paper Presentations

Åsne Kalland Aarstad, Department of Political Science, Aarhus University, “Security Privatization and Foreign Policy Influence”

  • comments: Cladio Pardo Enrico, University of Bremen

Jorge Fernandez, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, “The Role of National Armies Research in Techno-Economic Networks of Medical Innovations: The Role of Malaria Vaccine Development”

  • comments: Lau Øfjord Blaxekjær, University of Copenhagen


12.45-13.30: Lunch

13.30-15.00: The Practice Turn in IR, Michael C. Williams

Building on the work of Pierre Bourdieu and other social theorists including Erving Goffman and Michel Foucault, IR scholars have drawn attention to the way that practices constitute subjectivities and underpin IR policies and concepts. The so-called practice turn has also been used to highlight the role of background knowledge for social institutions within IR, such as diplomacy, and to foster dialogue among disparate IR approaches. This lecture introduces the key positions within the practice turn and discusses its potential for theoretical as well as empirical research.

15.00-15.15: Coffee Break

15.15-17.15: Paper Presentations

Rune Saugman, Department of Political Science, University of Copenhagen, “The Bronson Video/Security Nexus”

  • comments: Dagmar Zakopalova, Charles University, Prague

Gjermund Haslerud, Political Science and Management, University of Agder, “The Signalling Effect of International Institutions”

  • comments: Peter Markus Kristensen, University of Copenhagen


Thursday, August 23, 2012

9.00-10.30: Feminist International Relations – a micro-cosmos of IR, Lene Hansen

Feminist IR and Gender Studies constitutes a “best case” micro-cosmos within IR in that this field of research is where one encounters the most explicit, and heated, debates between different epistemological positions. This lecture traces how rationalists, stand-point feminists, and poststructuralists have adopted different positions on how world politics could be studied, and thus on what constitutes a politically engaged feminist perspective.

10.30-10.45: Coffee Break

10.45-11.45: Paper Presentation:

Sanne Brasch Kristensen, Department of Society and Globalization, Roskilde University, “Securitizing International Societies – What Role for the EU Normative Foundation”

  • comments: Carina Meyn, Roskilde University

11.45-12.30: Conclusion and evaluation

Submission of papers: August 5

Deadline for submission of papers: August 5, 2012 – if papers have not be submitted by this date, the student will be participating in the course as a non-paper giver.

Submission of papers to: paper@polforsk.dk

Please, observe concerning your paper:

      - it should be in PDF-format,
      - the file name should start with YOUR SURNAME and include the titel and number of pages.
      - there should be NO BLANKS or special characters (parantheses, ö, æ, ø, å, é, etc.) in the file name
      - example: doe_john-politics_of_lazyness-12_pages.pdf

Format for paper presentations:

*All papers must be read by participants prior to the course!

* The student presenting gets up to 10 minutes to summarize the paper’s main points

* One student opens the discussion by providing comments (up to 10 minutes)

Reading list

We have listed a “prioritized” at the texts we expect to discuss during the course.

General readings

Adler, Emanuel (1997) ‘Seizing the Middle Ground: Constructivism in World Politics’, European Journal of International Relations, 3:3, 319-63.

Bell, Duncan (2009) ‘Writing the World: Disciplinary History and Beyond’, International Affairs, 85:1, 3-22.

Bigo, Didier and R.B.J. Walker (2007), ‘International, Political, Sociology’, International Political Sociology, 1:1, 1-5.

Hoffman, Mark (1987) ‘Critical Theory and the Inter-Paradigm Debate’, Millennium, 16:2, 231-49.

Kennedy, David (1987) ‘The Move to Institutions’, Cardoza Law Review, 8:5, 841-903.

Keohane, Robert. O. (1988) ‘International Institutions: Two Approaches’, International Studies Quarterly, 32:4, 379-96.

Lake, David A. (2011) ‘Why “isms” Are Evil: Theory, Epistemology, and Academic Sects as Impediments to Understanding and Progress’, International Studies Quarterly, 55:2, 465-80.

Schmidt, Brian (2002) ‘On the History and Historiography of International Relations’, in Walter Carlsnaes, Thomas Risse, and Beth Simmons, eds., Handbook of International Relations, London: Sage, pp. 3-22.

Snidal, Duncan and Alexander Wendt (2009) ‘Why there is International Theory now’, International Theory, 1:1, 1-14. Prioritized.

Sylvester, Christine (2007) ‘Whither the International at the End of IR’, Millennium, 35:3, 551-73. Prioritized.

Wight, Martin (1966) ‘Why is there no International Theory?’, in Butterfield and Wight (eds) Diplomatic Investigations, London: Allen & Unwin, 17-34.

Wæver, Ole (1998) ‘The Sociology of a not so International discipline: American and European developments in International Relations’, International Organization, 52:4, 687-727. Prioritized.

Wæver, Ole (2007) ‘Still a Discipline after all theses Debates?’, in Tim Dunne, Milja Kurki and Steve Smith (eds.) International Relations Theories: Discipline and Diversity, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 288-308.


Readings for lecture on “International Security Studies”

Baldwin, David A. (1995) ‘Security Studies and the End of the Cold War’, World Politics, 48:1, 117-41.

Buzan, Barry and Lene Hansen (2009) The Evolution of International Security Studies, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, especially chapter 1-3. Prioritized.

Krause, Keith and Michael C. Williams (1996) ‘Broadening the Agenda of Security Studies: Politics and Methods’, Mershon International Studies Review, 40:2, 229-54.

Security Dialogue (2010) Special Section on The Evolution of International Security Studies, 41:6, 589-667.

Walt, Stephen M. (1991) ‘The Renaissance of Security Studies’, International Studies Quarterly, 35:2, 211-39. Prioritized.

Wolfers, Arnold (1952) ‘National Security as an Ambiguous Symbol’, Political Science Quarterly, 67:4, 481-502.

Wæver, Ole and Barry Buzan (2007) ‘After the Return to Theory: The Past, Present, and Future of Security Studies’, in Alan Collins (ed.) Contemporary Security Studies, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 383-402.


Readings for lecture on “Feminist IR”

Caprioli, Mary (2004) ‘Feminist Theory and Quantitative Methodology: A Critical Analysis’, International Studies Review, 6:2, 253-69. Prioritized.

Carpenter, R. Charli (2002) ‘Gender Theory in World Politics: Contributions from a Nonfeminist Standpoint?’, International Studies Review, 4:3, 153-65.

Carver, Terrell (ed.) (2003) ‘The Forum: Gender and International Relations’, International Studies Review, 5:2, 287-302.

Hudson, Valerie M. et al. (2008/09) ‘The Heart of the Matter: The Security of Women and the Security of States’, International Security, 33:3, 7-45. Prioritized.

Keohane, Robert O. (1989) ‘International Relations Theory: Contributions of a Feminist Standpoint’, Millennium, 18:2, 245-54.

Tickner, J. Ann (1997) ‘You Just Don’t Understand: Troubled Engagements Between Feminists and IR Theorists’, International Studies Quarterly, 41:4, 611-32.

Tickner, J. Ann (2005) ‘What Is Your Research Program? Some Feminist Answers to International Relations Methodological Questions’, International Studies Quarterly, 49:1, 1-22. Prioritized.

Weber, Cynthia (1994) ‘Good Girls, Little Girls and Bad Girls: Male Paranoia in Robert Keohane’s Critique of Feminist International Relations’, Millennium, 23(2), 337-49.


Readings for lecture on “The International Political Sociology of Risk”

Albert, Mathias (2001) ‘From Defending Boundaries towards Managing Geographical Risks? Security in a Globalised World’, Geopolitics, 5:1: 5780.

Aradau, Claudia and Rens van Munster (2007) ‘Governing terrorism through risk: taking precautions, (un)knowing the future’, European Journal of International Relations, 13(1): 89-115. Prioritized.

Aradau, Claudia and Rens van Munster (2011) Politics of catastrophe. Genealogies of the unknown, Abingdon and New York: Routledge, chapter 1.

Beck, Ulrich (2002) ‘The terrorist threat: world risk society revisited’, Theory, Culture & Society, 19:4, 39-55. Prioritized.

Ewald, Francois (1990), ‘Insurance and Risk’, in Graham Burchell, Colin Gordon and Peter Miller, eds., The Foucault Effect. Studies in Governmentality, Chicago: Chicago University Press, 197-210.

Lobo-Guerrero, Luis (2011), Insuring Security: Biopolitics, Security and Risk, Abingdon and New York: Routledge, 1-34.

Petersen, Karen Lund (2011), ‘Risk analysis – A field within security studies?’, European Journal of International Relations, forthcoming. Prioritized.

Rasmussen, Mikkel Vedby (2004) ‘“It sounds like a riddle”: security studies, the war on terror and risk’, Millennium, 33:2, 381-395.

Security Dialogue (2008) Special issue on Security, Technologies of Risk, and the Political, 39:2&3,

Readings for lecture on “IR and One-Worldism”

Ashley, Richard (1981) ‘Political realism and human interests’, International Studies Quarterly, 25:2, 204-236.

Bartelson, Jens (2010), ‘The Social Construction of Globality’, International Political Sociology, 4:3, 219-235.

Deudney, Daniel H. (2009), ‘Left Behind: Neorealism’s Truncated Contextual Materialism and Republicanism’, International Relations, 23:3, 341-371. Prioritized.

Graham, Kennedy (2008), ‘Survival Research and the “Planetary Interest”: Carrying Forward the Thoughts of John Herz’, International Relations, 22, 457-472.

Herz, John H. (1984), ‘Power Politics and Policies of Survival’, in Vojtech Mastny (ed.), Power and Policy in Transition. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, pp. 37-54.

Scheuerman, William E. (2010), ‘The (classical) realist vision of global reform’, International Theory, 2:2, 246-282. Prioritized.

Walker, R.B.J. (2010), After the Globe, Before the World. London: Routledge, 19-54.

Wendt, Alexander (2003), ‘Why a World State is Inevitable’, European Journal of International Relations, 9:4, 491-542. Prioritized.


Readings for lecture on “The Practice Turn in IR”

Adler, Emanuel and Vincent Pouliot (2011) ‘International Practices’, International Theory, 3:1, 1-36. Prioritized.

Adler, Emanuel and Vincent Pouliot (eds.) (2011) International Practices, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Adler-Nissen, Rebecca (2008) ‘The Diplomacy of Opting Out: A Bourdieudian Approach to National Integration Strategies’, Journal of Common Market Studies, 46:3, 663-84.

Neumann, Iver B. (2002) ‘Returning Practice to the Linguistic Turn’, Millennium, 31:3, 627-51. Prioritized.

Pouliot, Vincent (2008) ‘The Logic of Practicality: A Theory of Practice of Security Communities’, International Organization, 62:2, 257-88.

Please, register here:
PLEASE NOTICE. That you are registrated, does not mean you are approved. When Polforsk arranges a course, you will usually be informed about approval within one week after the registration deadline.
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